Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2015-10-09 22:31:10 UTC
Update date2017-01-19 02:36:27 UTC
FoodComEx IDPC000528
FoodDB RecordFDB002237
Chemical Information
NameTrigonelline
DescriptionN-Methylnicotinate or Trigonelline, also known as caffearin or gynesine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus. Trigonelline is a moderately acidic compound. Trigonelline exists in all living organisms, from bacteria to humans. It is a product of the metabolism of niacin (vitamin B3) and it is excreted in the urine. Trigonelline in urine is a biomarker for the consumption of coffee, legumes and soy products. Trigonelline is found in highest concentrations in arabica coffee, fenugreeks, and common pea and in lower concentrations in yellow bell peppers, orange bell peppers, and muskmelons. Trigonelline has also been detected in rices, triticales, alfalfa, cereals and cereal products, ryes fenugreek seeds, garden peas, oats and potatoes. Trigonelline may reduce dental caries by preventing the bacteria Streptococcus mutans from adhering to teeth. It also has shown anti-carcinogenic and anti-hyperglycemic effects in several studies (PMID: 22680628; PMID: 31896496; PMID: 31363374).
CAS Number535-83-1
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
SynonymSource
1-Methyl-3-pyridiniumcarboxylatebiospider
1-Methyl-3-pyridiniumcarboxylic acidGenerator
1-methylnicotinatebiospider
1-Methylnicotinic acidGenerator
1-Methylpyridinio-3-carboxylatebiospider
1-Methylpyridinio-3-carboxylic acidGenerator
1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylatebiospider
3-carboxy-1-methyl-Pyridinium hydroxide inner saltbiospider
3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide inner saltdb_source
3-Carboxy-1-methylpyridinium hydroxide, inner saltbiospider
535-83-1 (INNER SALT)biospider
Betain nicotinatebiospider
Betain nicotinic acidGenerator
Betaine nicotinatebiospider
Betaine nicotinic acidGenerator
Caffearinbiospider
Caffearinebiospider
Coffearindb_source
Coffearinebiospider
Gynesinebiospider
Gynesisdb_source
N-methyl-nicotinatebiospider
N-Methyl-nicotinic acidGenerator
N-methylnicotinatebiospider
N-methylnicotinic acidbiospider
N-Methylnicotinic betainedb_source
N'-methylnicotinatebiospider
N'-methylnicotinic acidbiospider
Nicotinate N-methylbetaineGenerator
Nicotinic acid n-methylbetainebiospider
Pyridinium, 3-carboxy-1-methyl-, hydroxide, inner saltbiospider
Pyridinium, 3-carboxy-1-methyl-, inner saltbiospider
Trigenellinebiospider
Trigenollinebiospider
Trigonellinbiospider
Trigonellinedb_source
Chemical FormulaC7H7NO2
IUPAC name1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C7H7NO2/c1-8-4-2-3-6(5-8)7(9)10/h2-5H,1H3
InChI KeyWWNNZCOKKKDOPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESC[N+]1=CC=CC(=C1)C([O-])=O
Average Molecular Weight137.136
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight137.047678473
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkaloids and derivatives. These are naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Also some synthetic compounds of similar structure are attributed to alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and more rarely other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassNot Available
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentAlkaloids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Pyridine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • N-methylpyridinium
  • Pyridinium
  • Pyridine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Carboxylic acid salt
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic salt
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Experimental logPNot Available
Experimental Water SolubilityNot Available
Melting PointMp 218 dec. (anhyd.)DFC
Foods of Origin
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Production Data
Production Methodcommercial
Production Method ReferenceNot Available
Production Method Reference FileNot Available
Quantity AvailableProduction upon request, up to 1 g
Delivery TimeNot Available
Storage Formsolid
Storage Conditions-80°C
StabilityNot Available
PurityNot Available
Spectra
Spectral Data Upon RequestNot Available
Provider Information
Contact NameContact InstitutionContact Email
Rosa Vazquez Fresnovazquezf@ualberta.ca
Commercial Vendors
AKSci V1545
Toronto Research Chemicals T794000