| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2015-10-09 22:28:37 UTC |
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| Update date | 2017-01-19 02:36:13 UTC |
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| FoodComEx ID | PC000118 |
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| FoodDB Record | FDB012703 |
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| Chemical Information |
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| Name | D-Galactose |
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| Description | The free sugar has been detected in some fruits. Polysaccharides agar, gum arabic, mesquite gum, western larch gum and many plant mucilages and gums contain galactose
D-Galactose is an aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. D-Galactose is an energy-providing nutrient and also a necessary basic substrate for the biosynthesis of many macromolecules in the body. Metabolic pathways for D-Galactose are important not only for the provision of these pathways but also for the prevention of D-Galactose and D-Galactose metabolite accumulation. The main source of D-Galactose is lactose in the milk of mammals, but it can also be found in some fruits and vegetables. Utilization of D-Galactose in all living cells is initiated by the phosphorylation of the hexose by the enzyme galactokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.6) (GALK) to form D-Galactose-1-phosphate. In the presence of D-Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (E.C. 2.7.7.12) (GALT) D-Galactose-1-phosphate is exchanged with glucose-1-phosphate in UDP-glucose to form UDP-galactose. Glucose-1-phosphate will then enter the glycolytic pathway for energy production. Deficiency of the enzyme GALT in galactosemic patients leads to the accumulation of D-Galactose-1-phosphate. Classic galactosemia-a term that denotes the presence of D-Galactose in the blood is the rare inborn error of D-Galactose metabolism, diagnosed by the deficiency of the second enzyme of the D-Galactose assimilation pathway, GALT, which, in turn, is caused by mutations at the GALT gene. (PMID: 15256214, 11020650, 10408771); In organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6. Hexoses are classified by functional group, with aldohexoses having an aldehyde at position 1, and ketohexoses having a ketone at position 2. Galactose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of milk. |
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| CAS Number | 59-23-4 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | Source |
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| (+)-galactose | biospider | | 5Abp | HMDB | | 8Abp | HMDB | | a D-GALACTOSE | Generator | | a-D-Gal | Generator | | a-D-Galactose | Generator | | ALPHA D-GALACTOSE | ChEBI | | alpha-D-Gal | ChEBI | | D-(+)-galactose | biospider | | D-galactopyranose | manual | | D-galactose | biospider | | D-Hexose | HMDB | | GAL | HMDB | | Gal-a | Generator | | Gal-alpha | ChEBI | | Gal-α | Generator | | Galactose | biospider | | Galactose (NF) | HMDB | | Galactose, d- | biospider | | GLC | HMDB | | Hexose | HMDB | | α D-galactose | Generator | | α-D-gal | Generator | | α-D-galactose | Generator |
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| Chemical Formula | C6H12O6 |
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| IUPAC name | (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-SVZMEOIVSA-N |
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| Isomeric SMILES | OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 180.1559 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 180.063388116 |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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| Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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| Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Hexoses |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Hexose monosaccharide
- Oxane
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiacetal
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental |
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| Property | Value | Reference |
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| Experimental logP | Not Available | |
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| Experimental Water Solubility | 683 mg/mL | YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) |
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| Melting Point | Mp 118-120° (monohydrate) | DFC |
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| Foods of Origin |
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| Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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| Food | | | Reference |
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| Production Data |
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| Production Method | commercial |
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| Production Method Reference | Not Available |
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| Production Method Reference File | Not Available |
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| Quantity Available | Production upon request, up to 1 g |
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| Delivery Time | Not Available |
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| Storage Form | solid |
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| Storage Conditions | -80°C |
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| Stability | Not Available |
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| Purity | Not Available |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectral Data Upon Request | Not Available |
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| Provider Information |
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| Commercial Vendors |
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| Not Available |
